This study critically examines the role of heat pumps in decarbonization strategies, particularly in regions characterized by high CO2 emissions from electricity generation. It highlights the performance disparities between air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) and ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) in cold climates, where the environmental benefits may be undermined due to higher emissions. The paper delves into the technical complexities of heat pump operation, such as refrigerant charge and defrosting cycles, which affect energy performance and long-term CO2 emissions. It emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive field-testing to accurately assess the potential of heat pumps, and discusses the impact of grid improvements and the increasing integration of renewable energy sources on optimizing their decarbonization potential.
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