In HVAC systems, two common approaches are Mixed Ventilation and Displacement Ventilation. Mixed Ventilation supplies air from the ceiling or high level to mix the room air, creating uniform temperature but requiring higher energy and providing less optimal indoor air quality (IAQ). In contrast, Displacement Ventilation delivers cool air gently from the floor or low level, keeping fresh air in the occupied zone while warm and polluted air rises to the ceiling and is exhausted. This method saves about 15–20% energy, improves comfort, and ensures better IAQ, especially in auditoriums, theaters, or high-ceiling spaces. However, it requires more complex design and higher initial investment.
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